Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val), a 2,5-diketopiperazine extracted from the fruits of Mycobacterium chiliolyticum AZ2 and Mycobacterium leprae, possesses anti-inflammatory activity and virulence activity against phytopathogenic microorganisms (e.g., R. fascians LMG 3605) and inhibits Gram-positive plant pathogens.

Competitive inhibitor of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG); analog of a substrate peptide corresponding to a phosphorylation site of histone H2B. Competes with synthetic substrates (Ki = 86 mM) but does not inhibit phosphorylation of intact histones by PKG. Inhibits phosphorylation of intact histones by PKA.

5'''-O-Feruloyl complanatoside B 可从黄芪 (Astragalus complanatus) 种子中分离得到。黄芪精 (SAC) 含有脂肪酸、氨基酸、多糖、黄酮类化合物、三萜苷和微量元素；被报道与慢性疾病，如心血管疾病，糖尿病和癌症有关。